法本——中华优秀传统法律文化图说（中英文版） - 法信

    法本：中华优秀传统法律文化图说：汉、英人民法院出版社　编人民法院出版社
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    法本：中华优秀传统法律文化图说：汉、英/人民法院出版社编.--北京：人民法院出版社，2025.6.--ISBN 978-7-5109-4416-1
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    中国国家版本馆CIP数据核字第2024Z80U10号
    法本——中华优秀传统法律文化图说（中英文版）
    人民法院出版社　编
    总策划　余茂玉
    编写人　张艳华
    绘　　画　向　萌　焦亚娜
    顾问单位　中国法律史学会
    审定　最高人民法院国际合作局
    中文审核　张?生?罗冠男?李?驰?李德嘉
    责任编辑　余茂玉?尹立霞
    执行编辑　XXX男
    英文翻译　潘?柔
    英文审核　钱垂君　张　义
    装帧设计　丁　鼎　王子莹
    出版发行　人民法院出版社
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    字　　数　68千字
    版　　次　2025年6月第1版　2025年6月第1次印刷
    书　　号　ISBN?978-7-5109-4416-1
    定　　价　98.00元
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    前言
    Foreword
    Guanzi?said，“The?law?is?the?formula?of?the?world?and?the?gauge?of?all?things.”[1]
    Shang?Yang?said，“Laws?and?regulations?are?the?foundation?of?governance.”[2]
    Han?Fei?said，“The?law?does?not?favor?the?nobility，just?as?the?plumb?line?does?not?yield?to?the?crooked?wood.”[3]
    ...
    General?Secretary?Xi?Jinping?noted，“The?Chinese?legal?system?has?a?long?history，and?its?fine?traditional?legal?culture?contains?rich?thinking?about?the?rule?of?law?and?profound?political?wisdom，making?it?a?treasure?of?Chinese?culture.”[4]
    管子曰：“法者，天下之程式也，万事之仪表也。”[5]
    商鞅云：“法令者，民之命也，为治之本也。”[6]
    韩非言：“法不阿贵，绳不挠曲。”[7]
    ……
    习近平总书记指出：“中华法系源远流长，中华优秀传统法律文化蕴含丰富法治思想和深邃政治智慧，是中华文化的瑰宝。”[8]

Magnificent?is?the?Chinese?civilization，vast?is?this?ancient?land，where?sages’eternal?quest?for?the?essence?of?law?flows?unbroken.In?the?ancient?times?when?“The?Adjudication?of?Gao?Yao”，our?ancestors?had?developed?an?early?form?of?law.Duke?Zhou’s?“ritual?and?music?making”?laid?the?foundation?for?the?culture?of?ritual?and?law.During?the?Spring?and?Autumn?Period?and?the?Warring?States?Period，Legalist?thought?flourished，and?written?laws?were?disseminated?to?the?masses.Since?the?Qin?and?Han?dynasties，the?written?legal?system?has?been?fully?established，culminating?in?a?fully?developed?legal?framework.In?the?prosperous?Tang?Dynasty，the?legal?culture?transcended?national?borders?and?radiated?to?other?Asian?countries.
    With thousands of years of history，in the dimension of “law”，how many shining names and allusions are there in history that are worth looking up to and admiring？This time，we use original accounts as a carrier，attempting to focus on those visionary minds，wise and profound insights，rich and great ideas，and selfless righteousness in the long river of Chinese legal culture.Throughout history，many great minds in law have left a lasting mark.Some were thinkers whose insights stirred the minds of generations.Some were politicians advancing legal practice with resolve.Some were codifiers who crafted the legal systems with masterful skills.Others were jurists who interpreted the essence of law through profound reflection.These remarkable figures and the legal tales associated with them embody the moral character of Chinese legal culture and continue to nourish us today.
    巍巍中华，泱泱古国，先贤们对“法”的叩问和求索，生生不息。溯至上古“皋陶决狱”，法律雏形已现端倪；周公“制礼作乐”，奠定中华礼法文化之基；春秋战国，不同法律思想绽放异彩，法律条文“布之于众”；秦汉以降，成文法体系广泛确立，法制规范规模已成；及至盛唐，法制文明超越国界，辐射亚洲诸国。
    华夏历史数千载，长河浩瀚；法脉传承贯今古，熠熠生辉。在“法律”这一维度上，深邃的思想绵延不绝，崇高的精神灿若星辰，无私的正气经久不衰。众多法律人物在历史深处恒久闪烁，他们或为思想家，以睿智的见地启发人心；或是为政者，以坚定的意志推动法律实践；或为法典编修人，以精湛的技艺构筑法律体系；或为法学家，以深刻的哲思诠释法律真谛。这些杰出的法律人物和法治故事，不仅承载了法律文化民族品格，也为今天提供了丰富的滋养和启迪。
    The Origin of Law： An Illustrated Reader of Fine Traditional Chinese Legal Culture （Chinese-English）?brings?this?legacy?to?life?with?Gongbi?（meticulousstyle）?paintings，portraying?15?legendary?legal?figures?and?15?stories?that?echo?across?centuries.After?a?year?of?design?conception，material?selection，meticulous?painting，and?copywriting，we?focused?on?studying?portraits?of?people，setting?up?visual?scenes，and?contemplating?the?costumes?and?artifacts?of?their?respective?dynasties?in?painting?and?depiction.We?strive?to?be?faithful?to?historical?materials?and?strive?for?accuracy?and?precision?in?copywriting.Drawing?on?the?established?theories?and?views?in?legal?historiography，this?book?seeks?to?extract?the?core?spirit?of?Chinese?legal?civilization，preserve?its?cultural?lineage，and?distill?the?essence?of?its?timeless?values.
    This book has been made possible with the guidance of China Institute of Legal History，led by President Zhang Sheng，and the generous support of many others.In particular，Professor Luo Guannan，Associate Professor Li Dejia，and Lecturer Li Chi have helped proofread the manuscript at different stages.We would like to express our gratitude to them all.
    《法本——中华优秀传统法律文化图说（中英文版）》以古雅的原创工笔绘画，呈现中国历史上15位名贯古今的法律人物，讲述15则蕴意宏远的法治故事。经过一年时间设计构思、绘画创作、文案推敲，我们着力考据人物肖像、斟酌服饰器物；在素材选择上忠实史料，力求简明精当；在内容阐述上参读法史学权威观点，力图提炼中华法治文明精神标识，赓续法律文化精神血脉，萃取优秀传统法律文化价值精髓。
    《法本——中华优秀传统法律文化图说（中英文版）》创作过程中，得中国法律史学会指导，张生会长、罗冠男教授、李德嘉副教授、李驰讲师审核，以及相关人士出谋划策、贡献智识。所有关怀和帮助恕不另述，同此致谢！
    习近平总书记指出：“‘求木之长者，必固其根本；欲流之远者，必浚其泉源。’中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的精神命脉，是涵养社会主义核心价值观的重要源泉，也是我们在世界文化激荡中站稳脚跟的坚实根基。”[9]
    绵延不断的中华文明孕育了世界上独树一帜的中华法系，积淀了深厚的文化，创造了灿烂的中华法治文明。《法本——中华优秀传统法律文化图说（中英文版）》精选的法律人物和故事，也许为你熟知，或许是你未识，但在法律文化精神赓续上，相信这本画册有助于我们坚定法治自信，不断从灿烂的中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取丰厚的历史滋养。

As?General?Secretary?Xi?Jinping?remarked，“‘If?you?want?a?tree?to?grow?tall，help?it?grow?strong?roots；?if?you?want?a?river?to?flow?far，help?its?source?flow?smoothly.’?The?best?of?China’s?traditional?culture?is?the?lifeblood?of?the?Chinese?nation.It?provides?fertile?soil?for?the?core?socialist?values?and?the?foundation?for?the?nation?to?gain?a?firm?foothold?in?global?cultural?interaction.”[10]
The?enduring?Chinese?civilization?has?cultivated?a?unique?legal?system，rich?in?cultural?depth?and?radiant?in?its?legal?achievements.The Origin of Law: An Illustrated Reader of Fine Traditional Chinese Legal Culture （Chinese-English）presents?selected?legal?figures?and?stories—some?familiar，others?perhaps?new?to?you—that?contribute?to?Chinese?legal?heritage.It?is?hoped?that?this?book?will?bolster?steadfast?confidence?in?the?rule?of?law?and?enable?us?to?draw?inspiration?from?China’s?outstanding?traditional?legal?culture.

Life Story
    Gao?Yao，bearing?the?surname?Ying，was?born?in?Qufu?（or?Gaoyao?Village，Hongtong?County，Shanxi?Province?in?alternative?records）.During?the?reigns?of?Yao，Shun，and?Yu，he?served?as?Shishi[11]（or?Daliguan，Minister?of?Justice），overseeing?judicial?and?penal?affairs.His?maxim，“Use?the?Five?Penalties?to?assist?the?Five?Moral?Principles，”[12]?underscored?the?philosophy?of?integrating?legal?enforcement?with?moral?guidance，asserting?that?punishment?should?serve?as?a?supplement?to?moral?instruction.After?Yu?ascended?to?the?throne，tensions?arose?among?the?states?in?the?Jianghuai?region.Gao?Yao?thus?toured?the?region?several?times?to?extol?Yu’s?tireless?efforts?to?alleviate?flooding?and?his?selfless?devotion?to?the?people.His?endeavors?ultimately?led?the?region?to?become?awed?by?the?feat?of?Yu?and?be?grateful?for?his?benevolent?deeds，winning?their?allegiance.Gao?Yao?remained?a?close?advisor?during?Yu’s?reign.As?recorded?in Records of the Grand Historian，Yu?intended?to?abdicate?the?throne?in?favor?of?Gao?Yao.However，Gao?Yao?passed?away?before?Yu，reportedly?at?the?age?of?106.He?was?buried?in?Lu—now?Lu’an，Anhui?Province.For?ancestral?worship，Yu?enfeoffed?the?land?of?Lu?to?the?descendants?of?Gao?Yao，who?was?hence?called?the?“Forefather?of?Lu’an?State.”
    生平
    皋陶，姓嬴，生于曲阜（一说生于山西洪洞县皋陶村）。在尧、舜、禹时期担任士师[13]（后世文献中亦称“大理官”），负责执掌司法和刑罚事务。其“明于五刑，以弼五教”[14]，主张将刑罚作为辅助手段，强调法治与德治相结合的重要性。禹继位后，江淮各部落对禹有不满情绪，皋陶多次巡视江淮，宣说大禹不畏艰险、公而忘私、一心为民排除水患的功绩，终使江淮地区畏威怀德，一致拥戴大禹。皋陶在禹时期继续辅佐治理国家事务，《史记》记载禹曾有意禅让帝位给皋陶，但皋陶先于禹去世，相传活到106岁。逝世后被安葬于六，即今安徽六安。为便于祭祀，禹将六分封给皋陶后裔，皋陶因此也被称为“六安国始祖”。

Contributions
    Legend?has?it?that?Gao?Yao?composed?the?Code of Penalty （Yu Dian），the?earliest?legal?code?in?Chinese?history.He?had?it?inscribed?on?tree?bark?and?submitted?it?to?Yu，who?praised?its?principles?and?ordered?its?implementation.Gao?Yao’s?approach?to?law?enforcement?was?characterized?by?strictness，impartiality，and?fairness:?leniency?for?accidental?offenses，strict?penalties?for?intentional?or?repeat?crimes，and?light?sentences?for?cases?with?any?doubts.He?believed?that?the?ultimate?purpose?of?punishment?was?to?eliminate?the?need?for?it，fostering?people’s?“awareness?of?the?Five?Penalties”?to?maintain?social?order.In?governance，Gao?Yao?championed?the?benevolent?rule，stressing?that?only?individuals?of?integrity?and?ability，diligence，and?incorruptibility?could?secure?a?peaceful?and?harmonious?society.He?was?also?credited?with?advancing?agricultural?productivity?by?inventing?Leisi—a?kind?of?tilling?tool.It?was?Gao?Yao’s?full?support?that?enabled?the?prosperity?in?the?era?of?Yao，Shun，and?Yu，paving?the?way?for?the?“Early?State?Stage.”
    成就
    传说我国第一部法典《狱典》由皋陶制定，他把《狱典》刻在树皮上，呈送禹看后，禹颇为赞许，命皋陶实施。皋陶执法严明、公允，对过失犯罪者予以宽待，对故意犯罪或累犯不改者从严处罚，对罪疑者从轻发落；主张施刑是为了无刑，使民众“明于五刑”，才能行止有序。皋陶在政治上主张施行德政，认为举用德才兼备、勤政廉洁之人方能民安世治。相传皋陶还发明了耒耜（lěi  sì ，似犁的农具），为发展农业生产作出了贡献。皋陶的鼎力辅佐使尧舜禹时代出现了繁荣盛世，迈进“早期国家阶段”。
    Legacy
    As?a?distinguished?statesman，philosopher，jurist，and?educator?of?ancient?China，Gao?Yao?was?entrusted?with?the?administration?of?justice?and?moral?guidance.He?upheld?the?idea?of?“developing?awareness?of?legal?punishments?to?facilitate?moral?guidance，thereby?civilizing?the?people.”His?efforts?to?cultivate?social?morals?extended?beyond?“disseminating?the?Five?Moral?Principles”[15]to?civilize?and?guide?the?people，and?included?administrating?by?making?laws?and?setting?up?prisons.Gao?Yao?is?revered?as?the?“Founder?of?Chinese?Judicature”；?together?with?Yao，Shun，and?Yu，Gao?Yao?is?honored?as?one?of?the?“Four?Sages?of?Ancient?Times.”?As?a?treasure?of?traditional?Chinese?legal?culture，his?thought?emphasized?the?integration?of?law?and?morality，and?the?combination?between?rule?of?law?and?rule?of?virtue，and?still?holds?much?significance?for?today’s?construction?of?the?rule?of?law.
    评价
    皋陶是上古时期著名的政治家、思想家、法学家、教育家，执掌司法和教化工作，主张“明刑弼教，以化万民”，不仅“流布五教”[16]教化、引导民众，同时通过制法作狱手段治理民众，以此达到纯良社会风气的目的。皋陶被尊为“中国司法鼻祖”，与尧、舜、禹被后世并称为“上古四圣”，其思想作为中国传统法律文化的代表，强调法律与道德相统一、法治与德治相结合，对今天的法治建设仍具有重要意义。